Caffeine

Association between caffeine intake and erectile dysfunction: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Karimi M, Asbaghi O, Kazemi K, Sedgi FM, Soleimani E, Moghadam HK · Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition with various contributing factors, including lifestyle and dietary habits. Caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant, has been linked to multiple physiological effects on vascular function and hormonal balance that might influence sexual function. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the association between caffeine intake and the risk of ED by analyzing data from cohort studies. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases, and a manual search was conducted on Google Scholar for studies on the relationship between caffeine intake and ED in adult men. The search included observational studies published up to April 1, 2024. Four cohort studies were included, and their data were extracted and analyzed by STATA version 18. Four included cohort studies comprised 51,665 cohort members. The study population included adult males, on average, aged 18 to 80. The results indicate that there was no signi

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Role of Diet in the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Tsompanaki E, Thanapirom K, Papatheodoridi M, Parikh P, Chotai de Lima Y, Tsochatzis EA · Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association · 2023 · n=621

The association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with dietary factors is well established but not thoroughly investigated. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizes available evidence regarding the effect of nutrition on the presence and severity of NAFLD. A literature search was conducted identifying studies published between January 1985 and May 2021. We included studies with a dietary assessment and anthropometry based on validated tools, performed by a qualified dietitian or a trained health professional. We examined differences between patients with NAFLD and healthy controls as well as patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. There were 60 eligible studies with 100,621 patients. The risk of bias was moderate for the majority of studies (41/60; 68%). According to meta-analyses, total caloric intake was higher in patients with NAFLD

Effects of caffeine on anxiety and panic attacks in patients with panic disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Klevebrant L, Frick A · General hospital psychiatry · 2022 · n=237

Caffeine has been purported to have anxiogenic and panicogenic properties, specifically salient in patients with panic disorder (PD). However, compilations of the magnitude of the effect of caffeine on anxiety and panic attacks are lacking and potential dose-response relationships have not been examined. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to examine the acute effects of placebo-controlled caffeine challenge on occurrence of panic attacks and subjective anxiety in patients with PD and healthy controls (HC), including dose-response relationships. Systematic searches were performed in six databases. We included blinded placebo-controlled studies of acute caffeine challenge on panic attacks and/or subjective anxiety in adult patients with PD. Of the 1893 identified articles, ten met our inclusion criteria. The 9 studies investigating panic attacks included 237 patients, of which 51.1% had a panic attack following caffeine, but none after placebo. Six of these s

Risk factors for nephrolithiasis formation: an umbrella review.

Ma Y, Cheng C, Jian Z, Wen J, Xiang L, Li H · International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024

Nephrolithiasis is prevalent and burdensome worldwide. At present, evidence on the risk factors for nephrolithiasis is unconsolidated and the associations remain uncertain. The authors systematically evaluate the robustness of the meta-analytic evidence and aid more reliable interpretations of the epidemiological relationships. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the meta-analyses, screened the included studies with the aid of the AMSTAR 2 evaluation tool, and then used R (4.1.1) software to perform data analysis to evaluate the association between candidate risk factors and kidney stones, and evaluated the credibility of the evidence of the association between risk factors and kidney stones according to the GRADE classification, and finally obtained the strength and effectiveness of the association. The authors finally included 17 meta-analyses regarding 46 risk factors, 34 of which (73.9%) showed statistically significant association with nephrolithiasis. Among the sign

Plant-derived nootropics and human cognition: A systematic review.

Lorca C, Mulet M, Arévalo-Caro C, Sanchez MÁ, Perez A, Perrino M · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2023

Substances with modulatory capabilities on certain aspects of human cognition have been revered as nootropics from the dawn of time. The plant kingdom provides most of the currently available nootropics of natural origin. Here, in this systematic review, we aim to provide state-of-the-art information regarding proven and unproven effects of plant-derived nootropics (PDNs) on human cognition in conditions of health and disease. Six independent searches, one for each neurocognitive domain (NCD), were performed in parallel using three independent scientific library databases: PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus. Only scientific studies and systematic reviews with humans published between January 2000 and November 2021 were reviewed, and 256 papers were included. Ginkgo biloba was the most relevant nootropic regarding perceptual and motor functions. Bacopa monnieri improves language, learning and memory. Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) modulates anxiety and social-related cognitions. Caffeine enh

Dietary Approaches to Improve Efficacy and Control Side Effects of Levodopa Therapy in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Boelens Keun JT, Arnoldussen IA, Vriend C, van de Rest O · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2021

Although levodopa remains the most effective drug for symptomatic management of Parkinson's Disease (PD), treatment during advanced disease stages may raise unpredictable motor fluctuations and other complications. Counteracting these complications with other pharmacological therapies may prompt a vicious circle of side effects, and here, nutritional therapy may have great potential. Knowledge about the role of diet in PD is emerging and multiple studies have investigated nutritional support specifically with respect to levodopa therapy. With this systematic review, we aim to give a comprehensive overview of dietary approaches to optimize levodopa treatment in PD. A systematic search was performed using the databases of PubMed and Scopus between January 1985 and September 2020. Nutritional interventions with the rationale to optimize levodopa therapy in human PD patients were eligible for this study and their quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. In total, we includ

2025 guideline update to acute treatment of migraine for adults in the emergency department: The American Headache Society evidence assessment of parenteral pharmacotherapies.

Robblee J, Minen MT, Friedman BW, Cortel-LeBlanc MA, Cortel-LeBlanc A, Orr SL · Headache · 2026

To update the 2016 American Headache Society (AHS) guideline on parenteral pharmacologic therapies for the management of migraine attacks in the emergency department (ED). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using the same methodology as the 2016 guideline. The original search strategy was repeated and expanded to include studies of nerve blocks and sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) blocks. We searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane, clinicaltrials.gov, and the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform through February 10, 2025. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving adults diagnosed with migraine, treated in the ED with intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or nerve block (including SPG block) interventions. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full texts; a third reviewer resolved disagreements. Data were extracted using a standardized form and verified by a second review

2023 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Headache.

Sico JJ, Antonovich NM, Ballard-Hernandez J, Buelt AC, Grinberg AS, Macedo FJ · Annals of internal medicine · 2024

Headache medicine and therapeutics evidence have been rapidly expanding and evolving since the 2020 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of headache. Therefore, the CPG was revised in 2023, earlier than the standard 5-year cycle. This article reviews the 2023 CPG recommendations relevant to primary care clinicians for treatment and prevention of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). Subject experts from the VA and the DoD developed 12 key questions, which guided a systematic search using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After reviewing evidence from 5 databases published between 6 March 2019 and 16 August 2022, the work group considered the strength and quality of the evidence, patient preferences, and benefits versus harms on critical outcomes before making consensus recommendations. The revised CPG includes 52 recommendations on evaluation, pharmacotherapy, invasive interve

British Dietetic Association systematic review and evidence-based practice guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update).

McKenzie YA, Bowyer RK, Leach H, Gulia P, Horobin J, O'Sullivan NA · Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2016

The first British Dietetic Association (BDA) guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults were published in 2012. Subsequently, there has been a wealth of new research. The aim of this work was to systematically review the evidence for the role of diet in the management of IBS and to update the guidelines. Twelve questions relating to diet and IBS were defined based on review of the previous guideline questions, current evidence and clinical practice. Chosen topics were on healthy eating and lifestyle (alcohol, caffeine, spicy food, elimination diets, fat and fluid intakes and dietary habits), milk and dairy, dietary fibre, fermentable carbohydrates, gluten, probiotics and elimination diets/food hypersensitivity. Data sources were CINAHL, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science up to October 2015. Studies were assessed independently in duplicate using risk of bias tools specific to each included study base

Herbal formula improves upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms and gut health in Australian adults with digestive disorders.

Ried K, Travica N, Dorairaj R, Sali A · Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2020 · n=43

Gastrointestinal (GI) problems affect half of Western populations. Symptoms can vary from frequent reflux to irritable bowel syndrome. The Nutrition Care (NC) Gut Relief Formula contains a combination of herbs and nutrients including curcumin, Aloe vera, slippery elm, guar gum, pectin, peppermint oil, and glutamine shown to benefit the GI system. The 16-week pre-post study tested the hypothesis that the NC Gut Relief Formula would be tolerable and effective in improving GI symptoms and gut health in adults with digestive disorders. A total of 43 participants completed the study. After a control phase, participants took 5 g/d and then 10 g/d of the formula for 4 weeks. GI symptoms and GI health were assessed by a series of validated questionnaires, for example, Leeds Dyspepsia Questionnaire, Bristol Stool Chart, Birmingham IBS Symptom Questionnaire, and by intestinal permeability and gut microbiota profile. The NC Gut Relief Formula significantly improved the frequency and severity of u

Chronic, Noninfectious Diarrhea: A Review.

Singh P, Lee A, Sheth NM, Chey WD · JAMA · 2026

Chronic diarrhea is defined as loose or watery stools lasting longer than 4 weeks and affects approximately 6% to 7% of adults in the US. More than 90% of patients with chronic diarrhea have a noninfectious etiology. The most common causes of chronic, noninfectious diarrhea are irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) and functional diarrhea. IBS-D typically presents with recurrent abdominal pain relieved or worsened after defecation. Functional diarrhea is a condition in which more than 25% of bowel movements in the preceding 3 months are loose or watery, but it is not associated with significant abdominal pain. Chronic diarrhea due to a small-bowel source, such as celiac disease or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, is typically associated with large-volume diarrhea and weight loss, with or without steatorrhea. Celiac disease is an autoimmune condition defined by enteropathy precipitated by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals, and small intest

Diet and Endometriosis: An Umbrella Review.

Neri LCL, Quintiero F, Fiorini S, Guglielmetti M, Ferraro OE, Tagliabue A · Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025

The association between nutrition and endometriosis is controversial. This umbrella review aimed to investigate whether specific dietetic strategies are useful for reducing endometriosis risk/symptoms. Systematic reviews on diet therapies for endometriosis were analyzed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis methodology, and an umbrella review was implemented using Jamovi software. The 10 included systematic reviews comprised observational studies (cohort, case-control, cross-sectional) and interventional trials (randomized, non-randomized). A mild (class IV, lowest strength on evidence quartile) protective effect on vegetables (RR 0.590; 95% CI 0.49-0.71 p < 0.001), cheese (OR 0.840; 95% CI 0.74-0.96 p = 0.011), total dairy (RR 0.874; 95% CI 0.81-0.95 p = 0.001), and high-fat dairy (RR 0.590; 95% CI 0.81-0.99 p = 0.025) was found. Butter (RR 1.266; 95% CI 1.03-1.55 p = 0.024) and high caffeine (>300 mg/day) (RR 1.303; 95% CI 1.05-1.62 p = 0.019) co

[Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease].

Lee JY, Kim SE, Shin JE, Cha B, Na W, You HS · The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2025

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasingly prevalent and often not fully controlled by proton pump inhibitors alone, prompting renewed interest in evidence-based dietary and lifestyle management. This narrative review integrates contemporary guidelines with clinical, physiologic, and epidemiologic studies to formulate practical, patient-centered recommendations. Interventions with the most consistent support included the following: weight reduction, maintaining a two-to-three-hour interval between the final meal and bedtime, head-of-bed elevation and left-lateral sleep, smoking cessation, and light postprandial activity while avoiding high-intensity exercise immediately after meals. Eating slowly and consuming smaller portions are encouraged. Dietary triggers, such as high-fat foods, alcohol, carbonated beverages, coffee/caffeine, chocolate, and acidic items (e.g., tomato products and citrus), show heterogeneous associations across studies. Accordingly, individualized avoid

Adenosine Receptors From Genes to Behavior: Neurobehavioral Correlates of Caffeine on Anxiety, Avoidance, Decision-Making and Interoception in Healthy Individuals and Panic Disorder.

n=42 · NCT06145490 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

The current study is a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized controlled study using a cross-over design, including Healthy Controls (HC) and participants with Panic Disorder (PD). The primary aim of the study is to investigate the neural correlates and behavioral effects of caffeine (versus placebo), and its impact on emotional reactivity, decision-making, and interoception, and compare the effects in individuals with PD vs HCs. Subjective anxiety and the occurrence of panic attacks will also be measured. Multimodal neuroimaging methods, such as structural and functional MRI, will be used to address the aims of the study. Emotional reactivity, emotional decision-making and interoception will be measured with experimental tasks in a 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance (MR) scanner, jointly with measures of skin conductance, heart rate, respiratory rate, and self-reported ratings of anxiety and interoception. Emotional reactivity will be assessed using emotional and neutral faces. Emotional decision-making will be assessed with an approach-avoidance conflict task. Changes in interoception (bodily sensation, such as pulse and respiration) will be explored using a task in which participants are asked to focus on their breathing or an external stimulus. Caffeine effects on brain resting-state activity will also be assessed. All tasks will be conducted while in the 7T MR scanner. A secondary aim of the study is to examine the impact of genetic variability in the adenosine A2A receptor (ADORA2A) genotype (e.g., rs5751876 T/T) on the effects of caffeine (vs placebo), as ADORA2A genotype has previously been associated with elevated caffeine-induced anxiety.

The Effects of Caffeine Withdrawal on Migraine - a Randomized, Double-blind, Crossover Study

n=10 · NCT03022838 · TERMINATED · TERMINATED

Sporadic and chronic dietary consumption of caffeine has substantial biological effects on the nervous system. The effects on migraine are at large not known. In this study we want to assess the effects of caffeine withdrawal on migraine.

Maxalt 10mg Plus Caffeine 75mg in the Acute Treatment of Migraine Headache

n=50 · NCT00471952 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of rizatriptan, alone or combined with caffeine for treating acute attacks of migraine. Each subject will have 3 months to treat 3 acute migraine headache attacks. Each subject will be dispensed one box containing 3 packets of study medication labeled for Headache #1, Headache #2, or Headache #3. Each packet wil contain either Maxalt 10mg MLT or a Maxalt placebo (sugar pill), and a capsule containing either caffeine 75mg or a capsule containing placebo (sugar). One headache will be treated with a combination of Maxalt 10mg MLT and caffeine. Another headache will be treated with a combination of Maxalt 10mg MLT and a capsule containing placebo. A third headache will be treated with just placebo. Neither the subject, the study coordinator, or your study doctor will know in which order you will receive the three different treatments. This information is available in case of emergency.