SAMe (S-Adenosyl Methionine)

Folic Acid, Folinic Acid, 5 Methyl TetraHydroFolate Supplementation for Mutations That Affect Epigenesis through the Folate and One-Carbon Cycles.

Menezo Y, Elder K, Clement A, Clement P · Biomolecules · 2022

Methylation is an essential biochemical mechanism that is central to the transmission of life, and crucially responsible for regulating gametogenesis and continued embryo development. The methylation of DNA and histones drives cell division and regulation of gene expression through epigenesis and imprinting. Brain development and its maturation also depend on correct lipid methylation, and continued neuronal function depends on biogenic amines that require methylation for their synthesis. All methylation processes are carried out via a methyltransferase enzyme and its unique co-factor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM); the transfer of a methyl group to a target molecule results in the release of SAH (SA homocysteine), and then homocysteine (Hcy). Both of these molecules are toxic, inhibiting methylation in a variety of ways, and Hcy recycling to methionine is imperative; this is achieved via the one carbon cycle, supported by the folates cycle. Folate deficiency causes hyperhomocysteinaemia,

Clinician guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders with nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals: The World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) Taskforce.

Sarris J, Ravindran A, Yatham LN, Marx W, Rucklidge JJ, McIntyre RS · The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry · 2022

The therapeutic use of nutrient-based 'nutraceuticals' and plant-based 'phytoceuticals' for the treatment of mental disorders is common; however, despite recent research progress, there have not been any updated global clinical guidelines since 2015. To address this, the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) and the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Disorders (CANMAT) convened an international taskforce involving 31 leading academics and clinicians from 15 countries, between 2019 and 2021. These guidelines are aimed at providing a definitive evidence-informed approach to assist clinicians in making decisions around the use of such agents for major psychiatric disorders. We also provide detail on safety and tolerability, and clinical advice regarding prescription (e.g. indications, dosage), in addition to consideration for use in specialised populations. The methodology was based on the WFSBP guidelines development process. Evidence was assessed based on th

Nutritional psychiatry: the present state of the evidence.

Marx W, Moseley G, Berk M, Jacka F · The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2017

Mental illness, including depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder, accounts for a significant proportion of global disability and poses a substantial social, economic and heath burden. Treatment is presently dominated by pharmacotherapy, such as antidepressants, and psychotherapy, such as cognitive behavioural therapy; however, such treatments avert less than half of the disease burden, suggesting that additional strategies are needed to prevent and treat mental disorders. There are now consistent mechanistic, observational and interventional data to suggest diet quality may be a modifiable risk factor for mental illness. This review provides an overview of the nutritional psychiatry field. It includes a discussion of the neurobiological mechanisms likely modulated by diet, the use of dietary and nutraceutical interventions in mental disorders, and recommendations for further research. Potential biological pathways related to mental disorders include inflammation, oxidative stress, th

A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Efficacy of S-adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Versus Pentoxiphylline in Patients With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis With Fibrosis.

n=122 · NCT02231333 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one the most commonly encountered conditions in a daily outpatient Hepatology clinic. Secondly our country is the diabetic capital of the world and so the incidence of NAFLD (Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) is expected to rise in the future. It is a spectrum of hepatic pathology, ranging from simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, to cirrhosis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more advanced form of disease where steatosis is accompanied by hepatocyte injury as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells. Approximately 10-20% of patients with NASH may progress to cirrhosis. NASH is felt to be a major etiology of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Around 6230 human studies out of which 49 RCTs have been done till date to define the appropriate treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. However, still a controversy and no recommended treatment available till date. Recently published PIVENS trial has shown that Vitamin E has proven benefit in NASH. Other trials have also shown that pentoxiphylline has shown benefit in the form of histological improvement and biochemical improvement in the form of liver enzymes. Role of SAMe has been studied in alcoholic liver disease and showed to improve in both biochemical and histological features. However the usefulness of SAMe in NAFLD is not known till now. Hence this study has been designed.

Alcohol Abuse, Oxidative Stress, and Zinc Deficiency in Lung Disease

n=113 · NCT01899521 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

This is a randomized, placebo controlled trial of dietary zinc and S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) in otherwise healthy alcoholic US Veterans. The primary goal is to determine if either dietary zinc or S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) can augment lung immune defenses in alcoholics and thereby decrease the risk of lung injury and infection.