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Tribulus Terrestris

traditional use for libido and vitality

herb
Meta-analysis availableSystematic review availableHuman trial evidenceTraditional useInteraction riskNeeds more research

Herb traditionally used for libido and athletic performance.

Tribulus terrestris is a plant that has been traditionally used in various systems of medicine. It is sometimes marketed as a supplement to enhance athletic performance, libido, and male fertility. The plant contains a variety of compounds, including steroidal saponins, which are thought to be responsible for its potential effects. Despite its popular use, the scientific evidence supporting many of its purported benefits is limited and often conflicting. Further research is needed to fully understand its efficacy and safety.

Quick answer

What it is: Tribulus terrestris is a plant that has been traditionally used in various systems of medicine.

May support:Hypogonadism (Low Testosterone), Low Libido, Erectile Dysfunction

Evidence Summary

The current evidence grade for Tribulus terrestris is considered low due to a lack of robust, high-quality human clinical trials. Many studies are small, have methodological limitations, or show conflicting results. There is a notable absence of large-scale, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies to definitively support its efficacy for most claimed benefits.

Last reviewed · Jun 2026

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Why It Works

Saponins may modulate androgen receptors.

How it works in more detail

While specific mechanisms are not definitively established, it is hypothesized that steroidal saponins, such as protodioscin, may act by stimulating the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland, which in turn could lead to increased testosterone production in the testes. Other proposed mechanisms include modulation of nitric oxide synthesis, potentially contributing to vasodilation and improved erectile function. However, human studies often fail to show significant changes in hormone levels, suggesting other, less direct mechanisms may be at play.

How to use

Always consult a qualified clinician.

Editorial guidance

Suggested dosage
250–750 mg/day
Typical forms
capsule, tablet, powder, extract
Quality markers
Look for products standardized to a specific percentage of steroidal saponins, often protodioscin, as this indicates a more consistent product. Reputable manufacturers will provide third-party testing for purity and potency.
Medication interactions
  • lithium
  • diabetes medications
  • blood pressure medications
Avoid if
  • pregnant
  • breastfeeding
  • prostate conditions
  • hormone-sensitive conditions

Community tips

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Suggested dosage

250–750 mg/day

General guidance — discuss specifics with a clinician.

Active medicinal compounds

The primary active compounds are steroidal saponins, particularly protodioscin, prototribestin, and tribulosin. Other constituents include flavonoids, alkaloids, and glycosides.

Traditional use

Tribulus terrestris has a long history of traditional use in Ayurvedic medicine, where it is known as 'Gokshura' and used as a diuretic, aphrodisiac, and for urinary tract health. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is used for eye problems, edema, and sexual dysfunction. It has also been used in various folk medicine systems for vitality and reproductive health.

Safety

Safety warnings

Possible prostate stimulation.

Avoid if

  • pregnant
  • breastfeeding
  • prostate conditions
  • hormone-sensitive conditions

Medication interactions

  • lithium
  • diabetes medications
  • blood pressure medications

Reported side effects

  • stomach upset
  • nausea
  • difficulty sleeping

General guidance — discuss specifics with a clinician.

Evidence ecosystem

Scientific literature, clinical guidance, government sources, ongoing research, traditional use, and lived experience — grouped by source type and quality.

Overall grade

The current evidence grade for Tribulus terrestris is considered low due to a lack of robust, high-quality human clinical trials. Many studies are small, have methodological limitations, or show conflicting results. There is a notable absence of large-scale, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies to definitively support its efficacy for most claimed benefits.

Filter by source type

Meta-Analyses(2)

Pooled analyses across multiple human trials.

Very High Quality
  • Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: Analysis of Marketed Products, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Rational Use.

    Petre GC, Francini-Pesenti F, Vitagliano A, Grande G, Ferlin A, Garolla A · Nutrients · 2023

    The use of nutraceutical products to enhance male sexual performance has a long history, especially with regard to the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Alternative treatments for ED are becoming increasingly popular, with growing interest from consumers, as well as increased revenue for manufacturers. Dietary supplements (DSs), which are a mixture of active ingredients, are mainly sold online. In randomized controlled trials, the molecules contained in DSs have demonstrated varying degrees of effectiveness, or even have no evidence to support their use. However, none of the studies carried out provided sufficient evidence to consider these products a first-line therapy. Therefore, the combination of the various active ingredients, especially in relation to the daily dose, leaves doubts about the real effectiveness. In order to evaluate the potential efficacy of DS formulations, we analyzed the products marketed in Italy using a scoring approach. A systematic review of the litera

    Meta-AnalysisPubMedVery High Quality
  • Herbal Dietary Supplements for Erectile Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

    Borrelli F, Colalto C, Delfino DV, Iriti M, Izzo AA · Drugs · 2018 · n=2080

    Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition that significantly affects quality of life and interpersonal relationships. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of herbal dietary supplements in the treatment of ED. We searched five databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the clinical efficacy of herbal medicines in ED. Quality was assessed and risk of bias was estimated using the Jadad score and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. In total, 24 RCTs, including 2080 patients with ED, were identified. Among these, 12 evaluated monopreparations (five ginseng [n = 399], three saffron [n = 397], two Tribulus terrestris [n = 202], and one each Pinus pinaster [n = 21] and Lepidium meyenii [n = 50]), seven evaluated formulations (n = 544), and five investigated dietary supplements in combination with pure compounds (n =

    Meta-AnalysisPubMedVery High Quality

Systematic Reviews(1)

Structured reviews of the full body of evidence (incl. Cochrane).

Very High Quality
  • Alternative medicine and herbal remedies in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: A systematic review.

    Leisegang K, Finelli R · Arab journal of urology · 2021

    Objectives: To systematically review and discuss the current evidence from placebo-controlled clinical trials that investigated the use of alternative medicines and herbal remedies in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-based systematic review using specific keyword combinations was conducted on the PubMed and Scopus databases. Randomised controlled trials investigating herbal medicine in at least one group and using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) as an outcome in patients primarily diagnosed with ED were included for review. Results: Following the literature search, screening and eligibility analysis, a total of 42 articles were included. The 42 articles were categorised as single herb extractions (n = 14), combination herbal formula (n = 5), combination of herbal formula and non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 7), non-herbal nutraceuticals (n = 5), acupu

    Systematic ReviewPubMedVery High Quality

Randomized Human Trials(1)

Controlled human studies with random assignment.

High Quality
  • Combined Lifestyle and Herbal Medicine in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J, Fahey P, Cheema BS, Bensoussan A · Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2017

    Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common, complex reproductive endocrinopathy characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries. Lifestyle modification is a first-line intervention; however, there are barriers to success for this form of self-care, and women often seek adjunct therapies including herbal medicines. This pragmatic, randomized controlled trial, delivered in communities of Australia in overweight women with PCOS, compared the effectiveness and safety of a lifestyle intervention plus herbal medicine against lifestyle alone. All participants were helped to construct a personalized lifestyle plan. The herbal intervention consisted of two tablets. Tablet 1 contained Cinnamomum verum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hypericum perforatum and Paeonia lactiflora. Tablet 2 contained Tribulus terrestris. The primary outcome was oligomenorrhoea/amenorrhoea. Secondary outcomes were hormones; anthropometry; quality of life; depression, anxiety and stress; pregn

    Randomized TrialPubMedHigh Quality

Observational Studies(2)

Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional human studies.

Moderate Quality
  • Effects of Tribulus (Tribulus terrestris L.) Supplementation on Erectile Dysfunction and Testosterone Levels in Men-A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.

    Vilar Neto JO, de Moraes WMAM, Pinto DV, da Silva CA, Caminha JSR, Nunes Filho JCC · Nutrients · 2025 · n=162

    Background: Tribulus terrestris L. Zygophyllaceae (TT) is a plant that has been claimed to increase testosterone levels and improve sexual function, particularly erectile dysfunction, with potential benefits for male sexual health. Purpose: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of TT supplementation in improving sexual function and serum testosterone levels in men. Methods: We conducted a systematic review adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. After searching the literature (n = 162), 52 studies were selected for full-text reading, and 10 studies were eligible for this review, comprising 9 clinical trials and 1 quasi-experimental study (a study without a control). The Jadad score revealed low methodological quality for 50% of the studies. Results: The studies involved 15 to 172 participants (total = 483) aged between 16 and 70 years with different health conditions: healthy men (n = 5), oligozoosperm

    Observational StudyPubMedLow Quality
  • Rise of herbal and traditional medicine in erectile dysfunction management.

    Ho CC, Tan HM · Current urology reports · 2011

    Herbal medicine long has been used in the management of sexual dysfunction, including erectile dysfunction. Many patients have attested to the efficacy of this treatment. However, is it evidence-based medicine? Studies have been done on animal models, mainly in the laboratory. However, randomized controlled trials on humans are scarce. The only herbal medications that have been studied for erectile dysfunction are Panax ginseng, Butea superba, Epimedium herbs (icariin), Tribulus terrestris, Securidaca longipedunculata, Piper guineense, and yohimbine. Of these, only Panax ginseng, B. superb, and yohimbine have published studies done on humans. Unfortunately, these published trials on humans were not robust. Many herbal therapies appear to have potential benefits, and similarly, the health risks of various phytotherapeutic compounds need to be elucidated. Properly designed human trials should be worked out and encouraged to determine the efficacy and safety of potential phytotherapies.

    Observational StudyPubMedLow Quality

Clinical Trial Registries(1)

Registered ongoing or completed trials (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Moderate Quality
  • Observational Study in Real Life to Describe the Effectiveness of LIBICARE® in Women With Low Arousal and Sexual Desire Levels.

    n=185 · NCT04124640 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

    The decrease or absence sexual desire and arousal is the alteration of the sexual sphere that women most commonly refer to in adulthood and old age. Many women can refer a decrease or absence of desire and / or arousal without having the disorder typified in the DSM-5, but that can cause discomfort, worry and relationship problems in their day to day. Libicare® is a food supplement whose ingredients could have positive effects on the improvement of sexual function in women with low desire and arousal levels. The main ingredients of Libicare® are: * Trigonella Foenum-graecum (Trigonella) (1) * Tribulus Terrestris (Tribulus) (2) * Turnera Diffusa (Damiana) (3)

    Clinical TrialClinicalTrials.govModerate Quality

Limitations: Key limitations include a scarcity of well-designed human clinical trials, small sample sizes in existing studies, variability in the plant extracts used (e.g., saponin content), and inconsistent findings across different research groups. Many studies are also short-term, limiting understanding of long-term effects or safety.

This page is educational. Statements use phrases like "may support" and "has been studied for"because no remedy here is approved to cure, treat, or reverse any condition. Discussion happens on the ailment pages — community statistics here are derived from those reports. Always consult a qualified clinician.

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