Calcium

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities.

Dyer SM, Kwok WS, Suen J, Dawson R, Kneale D, Sutcliffe K · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · n=964

Falls in care facilities are common events, causing considerable morbidity and mortality for older people. This is an update of a review on interventions in care facilities and hospitals first published in 2010 and updated in 2012 and 2018 on interventions in care facilities and hospitals. This review has now been split into separate reviews for each setting. To assess the benefits and harms of interventions designed to reduce the incidence of falls in older people in care facilities. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and two trial registers to 10 May 2024 and used reference checking, citation searching, and contact with authors to identify eligible trials and records. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of any intervention for preventing falls in older people (aged over 65 years) in care facilities with any comparator. We excluded trials conducted in places of residence that do not provide residential heal

Effects of dietary supplements on bone turnover markers in women after menopause: a network meta-analysis.

Wei Y, Lei C, Zhong Y, Shen H · PeerJ · 2025

Diminished estrogen levels in women after menopause contribute to an elevated risk of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and disturbed bone metabolism. Dietary supplements are extensively employed as substitutes for prescription drugs, serving as a significant approach to modulate bone metabolism and improve bone health. Nevertheless, a lack of robust evidence prevents clinicians and patients from making the best-informed choices at present. Accordingly, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to provide a comprehensive comparison of the effects of different dietary supplements on bone turnover biomarkers among postmenopausal women. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were retrieved from their inception to November 20, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the strength of dietary supplements in women after menopause were adopted in this research. Primary outcome indicators encompassed C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), proco

Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Amanat S, Dordevic AL, Brodtmann A, Cardoso BR · Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025

Poststroke cognitive decline is a major form of disability in stroke survivors. Although dietary interventions have shown potential in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke-free populations, their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate associations between diet and cognitive function in stroke survivors. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched for studies from inception to 16 December, 2024. Eligible articles were observational and interventional studies on adult stroke survivors that evaluated the association/effect of any nutritional exposure/intervention on cognitive performance and dementia risk. Studies were excluded when an intervention was combined with nonnutritional treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for similar randomized clinical trials. This review included 20 clinical trials and 14 observational studies assessing the intake of energy and proteins and a variety of single nutrients, as well as dietary patterns, sing

Risk factors for nephrolithiasis formation: an umbrella review.

Ma Y, Cheng C, Jian Z, Wen J, Xiang L, Li H · International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2024

Nephrolithiasis is prevalent and burdensome worldwide. At present, evidence on the risk factors for nephrolithiasis is unconsolidated and the associations remain uncertain. The authors systematically evaluate the robustness of the meta-analytic evidence and aid more reliable interpretations of the epidemiological relationships. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of the meta-analyses, screened the included studies with the aid of the AMSTAR 2 evaluation tool, and then used R (4.1.1) software to perform data analysis to evaluate the association between candidate risk factors and kidney stones, and evaluated the credibility of the evidence of the association between risk factors and kidney stones according to the GRADE classification, and finally obtained the strength and effectiveness of the association. The authors finally included 17 meta-analyses regarding 46 risk factors, 34 of which (73.9%) showed statistically significant association with nephrolithiasis. Among the sign

Calcium and vitamin D for increasing bone mineral density in premenopausal women.

Méndez-Sánchez L, Clark P, Winzenberg TM, Tugwell P, Correa-Burrows P, Costello R · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023 · n=941

Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become fragile due to low bone density and impaired bone quality. This results in fractures that lead to higher morbidity and reduced quality of life. Osteoporosis is considered a major public health concern worldwide. For this reason, preventive measurements need to be addressed throughout the life course. Exercise and a healthy diet are among the lifestyle factors that can help prevent the disease, the latter including intake of key micronutrients for bone, such as calcium and vitamin D. The evidence on whether supplementation with calcium and vitamin D improves bone mineral density (BMD) in premenopausal women is still inconclusive. In this age group, bone accrual is considered to be the goal of supplementation, so BMD is relevant for the future stages of life. To evaluate the benefits and harms of calcium and vitamin D supplementation, alone or in combination, to increase the BMD, reduce fractures, and report the potential adverse events in

2023 EULAR recommendations on imaging in diagnosis and management of crystal-induced arthropathies in clinical practice.

Mandl P, D'Agostino MA, Navarro-Compán V, Geßl I, Sakellariou G, Abhishek A · Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024

To formulate evidence-based recommendations and overarching principles on the use of imaging in the clinical management of crystal-induced arthropathies (CiAs). An international task force of 25 rheumatologists, radiologists, methodologists, healthcare professionals and patient research partners from 11 countries was formed according to the EULAR standard operating procedures. Fourteen key questions on the role of imaging in the most common forms of CiA were generated. The CiA assessed included gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease and basic calcium phosphate deposition disease. Imaging modalities included conventional radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI. Experts applied research evidence obtained from four systematic literature reviews using MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL. Task force members provided level of agreement (LoA) anonymously by using a Numerical Rating Scale from 0 to 10. Five overarching principles and 10 recommendations were developed encompassing the role of ima

Executive summary of the SEORL CCC-SEEN consensus statement on post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism.

Castro A, Oleaga A, Parente Arias P, Paja M, Gil Carcedo E, Álvarez Escolá C · Endocrinologia, diabetes y nutricion · 2019

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication after total or completion thyroidectomy. It is defined as the presence of hypocalcemia accompanied by low or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Acute hypocalcemia is a potential lethal complication. Hypocalcemia treatment is based on endovenous or oral calcium supplements as well as oral calcitriol, depending on the severity of the symptoms. The risk of clinical hypocalcemia after bilateral thyroidectomy is considered very low if postoperative intact PTH decrease less than 80% with respect to preoperative levels. These patients could be discharged home without treatment, although this threshold may vary between institutions, and we recommend close surveillance in cases with increased risk (Graves disease, large goiters, reinterventions or evidence of parathyroid gland removal). Long-term treatment objectives are to control the symptoms and to keep serum calcium levels at the lower limit of the normal range, while

Executive summary of the SEORL CCC-SEEN consensus statement on post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism.

Castro A, Oleaga A, Parente Arias P, Paja M, Gil Carcedo E, Álvarez Escolá C · Acta otorrinolaringologica espanola · 2019

Hypoparathyroidism is the most common complication after total or completion thyroidectomy. It is defined as the presence of hypocalcemia accompanied by low or inappropriately normal parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. Acute hypocalcemia is a potential lethal complication. Hypocalcemia treatment is based on endovenous or oral calcium supplements as well as oral calcitriol, depending on the severity of the symptoms. The risk of clinical hypocalcemia after bilateral thyroidectomy is considered very low if postoperative intact PTH decrease less than 80% with respect to preoperative levels. These patients could be discharged home without treatment, although this threshold may vary between institutions, and we recommend close surveillance in cases with increased risk (Graves disease, large goiters, reinterventions or evidence of parathyroid gland removal). Long-term treatment objectives are to control the symptoms and to keep serum calcium levels at the lower limit of the normal range, while

Empagliflozin in nondiabetic individuals with calcium and uric acid kidney stones: a randomized phase 2 trial.

Anderegg MA, Schietzel S, Bargagli M, Bally L, Faller N, Moor MB · Nature medicine · 2025 · n=53

Efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for kidney stone prevention in nondiabetic patients is unknown. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center, crossover phase 2 trial, 53 adults (≥18 and <75 years) with calcium (n = 28) or uric acid (UA; n = 25) kidney stones (at least one previous kidney stone event) without diabetes (HbA1c < 6.5%, no diabetes treatment) were randomized to once daily empagliflozin 25 mg followed by placebo or reverse (2 weeks per treatment). Randomization and analysis were performed separately for both stone types. Primary analyses were conducted in the per protocol set. Primary outcomes were urine relative supersaturation ratios (RSRs) for calcium oxalate (CaOx), calcium phosphate (CaP) and UA-validated surrogates for stone recurrence. Prespecified RSR reductions (≥15%) were met in both groups of stone formers. In patients with calcium stones,

Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Burt LA, Billington EO, Rose MS, Raymond DA, Hanley DA, Boyd SK · JAMA · 2019 · n=311

Few studies have assessed the effects of daily vitamin D doses at or above the tolerable upper intake level for 12 months or greater, yet 3% of US adults report vitamin D intakes of at least 4000 IU per day. To assess the dose-dependent effect of vitamin D supplementation on volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and strength. Three-year, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted in a single center in Calgary, Canada, from August 2013 to December 2017, including 311 community-dwelling healthy adults without osteoporosis, aged 55 to 70 years, with baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) of 30 to 125 nmol/L. Daily doses of vitamin D3 for 3 years at 400 IU (n = 109), 4000 IU (n = 100), or 10 000 IU (n = 102). Calcium supplementation was provided to participants with dietary intake of less than 1200 mg per day. Co-primary outcomes were total volumetric BMD at radius and tibia, assessed with high resolution peripheral quan

Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures.

Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, Wallace RB, Robbins J, Lewis CE · The New England journal of medicine · 2006

The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal. We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial. We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental [corrected] calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo. Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years. Bone density was measured at three WHI centers. Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01). Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02). The risk of renal calculi incr

Vitamin D and calcium supplementation in women undergoing pharmacological management for postmenopausal osteoporosis: a level I of evidence systematic review.

Migliorini F, Maffulli N, Colarossi G, Filippelli A, Memminger M, Conti V · European journal of medical research · 2025 · n=397

The present systematic review investigates whether different doses of vitamin D and calcium supplementation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis undergoing antiresorptive therapy have an association with BMD (spine, hip, femur neck), serum markers of osteoporosis (bone-ALP, NTX, CTX), the rate of pathological vertebral and non-vertebral fractures, adverse events, and mortality. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus databases were accessed in September 2024. All randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing two or more treatments for postmenopausal osteoporosis supplemented with vitamin D and/or calcium were accessed. Only studies that indicated daily vitamin D and/or calcium supplementation doses were accessed. Data from 37 RCTs (43,397 patients) were retrieved. Patients received a mean of 833.6 ± 224.0 mg and 92.8 ± 228.7 UI of calcium and vitamin D suppleme

Dietary supplements and prevention of preeclampsia.

Ushida T, Tano S, Matsuo S, Fuma K, Imai K, Kajiyama H · Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025

Preeclampsia (PE) is a common pregnancy complication characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and end-organ dysfunction. However, to date, no effective treatment has been established other than iatrogenic delivery, and the importance of prevention as an alternative approach to addressing PE has been emphasized. There is growing evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological prophylaxis in preventing PE. In this review, we focused on dietary supplements as non-pharmacological prophylaxis for PE. Calcium is a well-documented supplement for the prevention of PE. Daily 500 mg calcium supplementation can roughly halve the risk of PE in settings where calcium intake is low, including in Japan. According to recent systematic reviews and network meta-analyses, current evidence on the efficacy of vitamin D supplementation is inconsistent. Although vitamin D is a candidate for the prevention of PE, future large-scale randomized control trials are necessary to

Calcium and vitamin D supplements and burnout in anesthesiologists: A national cross-sectional study from China.

Zhang F, Tang T, Liu J, Wang W, Wang Y, Yan Y · International journal of psychiatry in medicine · 2025

ObjectiveJob burnout among anesthesiologists has been consistently high. This study evaluated the association of calcium and vitamin D supplementation with burnout among Chinese anesthesiologists.MethodA cross-sectional online survey was conducted during April and May 2023. Burnout was evaluated using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, which assesses emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment. Data on calcium and vitamin D supplementations were self-reported. Sociodemographic information and medical history were also assessed. Binary and ordinal logistic regression were used to evaluate the risk of burnout and burnout levels, respectively. The excess risk and the attributable proportion due to interaction were examined to determine the synergistic effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementations on burnout risk.ResultsAmong the 4222 invited anesthesiologists, 3766 submitted eligible questionnaires (89% response rate). Just under half (49.8%) met the criteria

A Study of Trimetrexate With Leucovorin Rescue for AIDS Patients Who Are Refractory to Standard Therapies for Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia

NCT00000724 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

To study the safety and effectiveness of trimetrexate (TMTX) plus leucovorin calcium rescue (LCV) in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients who have AIDS, patients who are HIV positive, or those for whom laboratory confirmation of HIV infection has not yet been established if they are at high risk for HIV infection, and who have not responded to standard treatments or who have demonstrated severe or life-threatening intolerance to both conventional therapies for PCP. The drugs trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (TMP / SMX) and pentamidine, usually used to treat PCP in AIDS patients, have proven ineffective in many patients and have had to be discontinued in many other patients because of severe side effects. TMTX was chosen for this trial because it was found to be very active against the PCP organism in laboratory tests and, in a preliminary trial in combination with LCV, there was a high response rate without severe toxicity.

A Randomized, Comparative, Double-Blind Trial of Trimetrexate (CI-898) With Leucovorin Calcium Rescue Versus Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole for Moderately Severe Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia in Patients With AIDS

n=364 · NCT00001013 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

To compare the safety and effectiveness of an investigational drug therapy (trimetrexate plus leucovorin calcium) with that of conventional therapy (sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim) in the treatment of moderately severe Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in patients who have AIDS, are HIV positive, or are at high risk for HIV infection.

An Open Label, Single Center, Randomized, Two-way Crossover Parallel Group, Trial to Assess the Mechanism of Action of a Bi-layer Swallowable Tablet (Immediate Release and Sustained Release) Containing Calcium Carbonate Antacid in an Overnight and Day Application as Compared With a Standard, Non-layered (Immediate Release) Calcium Carbonate Swallow Tablet in Fed Healthy Male Participants.

n=21 · NCT06293326 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

Researchers are looking for a better way to treat people who have heartburn, indigestion, and problems due to excessive stomach acid. These are common problems which can affect daily life and disturb sleep during the night-time. Heartburn is the burning sensation or pain in the chest which occurs when stomach acid rises up in the food pipe (esophagus). Calcium carbonate tablets are used to treat heartburn, indigestion, and related digestive problems. Calcium carbonate works by neutralizing the excess acid in the stomach. The study treatment is a new bi-layer calcium carbonate tablet that has two layers. One layer quickly releases calcium carbonate aimed to provide quick relief (called immediate release) while the other layer releases calcium carbonate slowly to make the relief last longer (called sustained release). In this study, bi-layer calcium carbonate tablets will be given to healthy men for the first time. This study will provide information on how the new bi-layer tablet works inside the body. The main purpose of this study is to learn about how the new bi-layer calcium carbonate tablet changes the average acidity levels (measured using pH) compared to the standard calcium carbonate tablet during the night-time. For this, researchers will measure the acidity levels in the upper part of the stomach at regular intervals during the night-time. The participants will be randomly (by chance) assigned to one of two treatment groups: Participants in the first group will take the treatments at night. Participants in the second group will take the treatments during the day. All participants in both groups will take 2 bi-layer tablets and 2 standard tablets after a meal with a gap of 6 to 8 days between treatments. However, in each group, half the participants will receive the bi-layer tablets first while the other half will receive the standard tablets first. Each participant will be in the study for around 52 days with up to 4 visits to the study site. This includes: 1. visit about 28 days before the treatment starts during which the doctors will confirm that the participant can take part in the study 2. visits for treatment with a gap of 6-8 days between each treatment, and 1 visit 7 to 14 days after the treatment ends during which the doctors will monitor the participants' health. During the study, the doctors and their study team will: check participants' overall health by performing tests such as blood and urine tests, and check heart health using an electrocardiogram (ECG) take images of the stomach at different times after taking the treatment measure acidity level (pH) using a device called pH probe that is inserted into the upper part of the stomach ask the participants questions about how easy it is to take the study treatment ask the participants what adverse events they are having. An adverse event is any medical problem that a participant has during a study. Doctors keep track of all adverse events, irrespective of whether they think it is related to the study treatment, or not. As this study is conducted in healthy men who will not gain any benefit from this treatment, access to the study treatment after the study is not planned.