Menopause is a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's reproductive years, diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period.
Ranked by community outcomes, then evidence grade, Health Voice mentions, and recency.
Why it may help Menopause: Critical for postmenopausal bone health
Why it may help Menopause: Vitamin D may help mitigate menopause symptoms by supporting bone health, reducing the risk of osteoporosis, and potentially influencing mood and sleep quality.
Why it may help Menopause: Rhodiola Rosea may help alleviate menopausal fatigue and mild depressive symptoms by modulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, thereby improving the body's stress response during hormonal fluctuations.
Why it may help Menopause: Soy Isoflavones may alleviate menopausal symptoms by acting as phytoestrogens, binding to estrogen receptors and mimicking some of estrogen's effects, thereby reducing hot flashes and vaginal dryness.
Why it may help Menopause: Calcium is crucial during menopause to counteract accelerated bone loss due to declining estrogen levels, thereby maintaining bone mineral density and reducing osteoporosis risk.
Why it may help Menopause: Black Cohosh may alleviate menopausal hot flashes by modulating serotonin receptors and potentially influencing thermoregulatory centers in the brain, rather than through direct estrogenic effects.
TCM herb for menstrual regulation and blood tonification.
Berry extract for PMS, cycle regulation, and progesterone support.
Shatavari is an Ayurvedic botanical researched for its potential to alleviate perimenopausal symptoms, support hormonal balance, and maintain bone health in postmenopausal women.
Why it may help Menopause: Eases hot flashes and supports mood
Why it may help Menopause: Supports declining hormones
Why it may help Menopause: Evening Primrose Oil may help alleviate menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and breast tenderness by providing gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), which can modulate prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation.
Why it may help Menopause: Red Clover contains isoflavones, plant compounds that act as phytoestrogens, which may bind to estrogen receptors and help mitigate menopausal symptoms like hot flashes and vaginal dryness by mimicking estrogen's effects.
Why it may help Menopause: Improves sleep and mood
Why it may help Menopause: Supports skin and bone changes
Why it may help Menopause: Improves mood and sleep
Why it may help Menopause: Reduces hot flashes and mood swings
Why it may help Menopause: Valerian Root may help alleviate menopausal sleep disturbances by increasing GABA levels in the brain, promoting relaxation and reducing the time it takes to fall asleep.
Why it may help Menopause: Magnesium may alleviate menopausal symptoms like sleep disturbances and mood changes by supporting neurotransmitter function and muscle relaxation, which can be disrupted by fluctuating hormones.
Why it may help Menopause: Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA, may reduce the frequency and severity of menopausal hot flashes by influencing prostaglandin synthesis and modulating thermoregulatory pathways.
Chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus) is a Mediterranean shrub whose fruit has been used for centuries to support hormonal balance, particularly for menstrual cycle irregularities and premenstrual symptoms.
Community outcomes
Self-reported by community members · not medical advice.
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Community Discussions
How global health authorities view Menopause.
The Mayo Clinic acknowledges that lifestyle changes and certain herbal remedies like black cohosh, soy isoflavones, and red clover are often explored for menopausal symptom relief, though they emphasize varying efficacy and potential risks. The National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) notes that while some studies suggest benefits for certain symptoms, particularly hot flashes, for black cohosh and soy, the evidence is often inconsistent or limited. They advise caution and consultation with a healthcare provider due to potential side effects and interactions. The NHS generally recommends lifestyle adjustments and may suggest hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for severe symptoms, with a more cautious stance on herbal remedies due to lack of robust regulation and cons
Indexed studies for Menopause, grouped by source type and quality.
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Pooled analyses across multiple human trials.
Beste ME, Kaunitz AM, McKinney JA, Sanchez-Ramos L · American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025 · n=60
To assess the risk of breast cancer recurrence, breast cancer-specific mortality, and overall mortality for breast cancer survivors receiving vaginal estrogen therapy for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. From the inception of each database to April 6th, 2024, a systematic literature search was conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, NCBI, and Science Direct. A secondary search was conducted on September 26th, 2024 utilizing Google Scholar, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Science Direct. We identified studies that reported on breast cancer recurrence defined per individual review criteria and considered both local and distant recurrence. Three reviewers evaluated studies with eligibility criteria in mind. Breast cancer recurrence was the primary outcome. The secondary outcomes included: breast cancer mortality and overall mortality. Pooled unadjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effects model. We assessed the 95% prediction int
Wei Y, Lei C, Zhong Y, Shen H · PeerJ · 2025
Diminished estrogen levels in women after menopause contribute to an elevated risk of decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and disturbed bone metabolism. Dietary supplements are extensively employed as substitutes for prescription drugs, serving as a significant approach to modulate bone metabolism and improve bone health. Nevertheless, a lack of robust evidence prevents clinicians and patients from making the best-informed choices at present. Accordingly, a network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to provide a comprehensive comparison of the effects of different dietary supplements on bone turnover biomarkers among postmenopausal women. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were retrieved from their inception to November 20, 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the strength of dietary supplements in women after menopause were adopted in this research. Primary outcome indicators encompassed C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), proco
Menegaz de Almeida A, Oliveira P, Lopes L, Leite M, Morbach V, Alves Kelly F · Obstetrics and gynecology · 2025 · n=87
To assess the efficacy and safety of fezolinetant and elinzanetant for vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched until August 22, 2024. Because the Cochrane Library included all the identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs), it was unnecessary to search ClinicalTrials.gov . The following words made up the search strategy, which was applied to the three databases: fezolinetant, elinzanetant, vasomotor symptoms, and menopause. Only RCTs comparing fezolinetant and elinzanetant with placebo for vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women were included. We extracted the number of patients, mean age, body mass index (BMI), and number of patients who underwent oophorectomy. Data were examined with the Mantel-Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics. R 4.3.2 was used for statistical analysis. Seven RCTs with 4,087 patients were included in the analysis. Fezolinetant and elinzanetant were ass
Structured reviews of the full body of evidence (incl. Cochrane).
Menopause hormone therapy and urinary symptoms: a systematic review.
Christmas MM, Iyer S, Daisy C, Maristany S, Letko J, Hickey M · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2023
Urogenital changes associated with menopause are now classified as genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), which includes symptoms of urgency, frequency, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infections for which the recommended treatment is estrogen. However, the association between menopause and urinary symptoms and the efficacy of hormone therapy for these symptoms is uncertain. Our objective was to define the relationship between menopause and urinary symptoms including dysuria, urgency, frequency, recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs), and urge and stress incontinence by conducting a systematic review of the effects of hormone therapy (HT) for urinary symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Eligible studies included randomized control trials with perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with a primary or secondary outcome of the following urinary symptoms: dysuria, frequent UTI, urgency, frequency, and incontinence, included at least one treatment arm of estrog
Alblooshi S, Taylor M, Gill N · Australasian psychiatry : bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists · 2023
To determine whether menopause elevates the risk for developing diagnostic depression and anxiety. Menopause-associated vasomotor symptoms such as insomnia and hot flushes are well recognized, but no systematic review of the psychological consequences of menopause has been undertaken. Menopause can be a time of social change for women, confounding any correlation. Using PRISMA methodology, we conducted a systematic review of all published (in English) original data examining a relationship between menopause and depression and anxiety. We ranked the quality of all included studies using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Twenty-two selected studies were summarized and compared, being eight cross-sectional surveys; one retrospective cohort, and 13 prospective cohort studies. Depression and anxiety are common during menopause and the post-menopause, with vasomotor symptoms and a prior history of major depression elevating risk of menopau
The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women-A Systematic Review.
Feduniw S, Korczyńska L, Górski K, Zgliczyńska M, Bączkowska M, Byrczak M · Nutrients · 2022
Menopause is a physiological change in any woman. Nevertheless, its symptoms could be difficult to accept, and hormone therapy can be sometimes unattractive or contraindicated. Vitamin E components are phytoestrogens, so they are believed to be useful in some indications including menopause. This review aimed to assess the available evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin E in alleviating menopausal symptoms. The Pubmed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases were screened. All types of studies that assessed the effectiveness of vitamin E in alleviating menopausal symptoms were included. The PICO question was: "How does vitamin E supplementation affect menopausal symptom occurrence?" The PROSPERO ID number of this review is CRD42022328830. After quality assessment, 16 studies were included in the analysis. The studies were divided into three groups in which the influence of vitamin E on the genital syndrome of menopause, vasomotor symptoms and vascular and metabolic changes wer
Recommendations from medical societies (NICE, AHA, ADA, ACG, Endocrine Society…).
Evidence-based guideline: Premature Ovarian Insufficiency.
ESHRE, ASRM, CREWHIRL and IMS Guideline Group on POI, Panay N, Anderson RA, Bennie A, Cedars M, Davies M · Fertility and sterility · 2025
How should premature/primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) be diagnosed and managed, based on the best available evidence from published literature? The current guideline provides 145 recommendations on symptoms, diagnosis, causation, sequelae and treatment of POI. Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) presents a significant challenge to women's health, with far-reaching implications, both physically and emotionally. The potential implications include adverse effects on quality of life; fertility; and bone, cardiovascular and cognitive health. Although hormone therapy (HT) can mitigate some of these effects, many questions still remain regarding the optimal management of POI. The guideline was developed according to the structured methodology for development of ESHRE guidelines. Key questions were determined by a group of experts and informed by a scoping survey of women and health care professionals. Literature searches and assessment were then performed. Papers published up to Janua
Lumsden MA, Dekkers OM, Faubion SS, Lindén Hirschberg A, Jayasena CN, Lambrinoudaki I · European journal of endocrinology · 2025
Women make up 51% of the world's population, and the global population of postmenopausal women is growing. About 25% of these women experience debilitating menopausal symptoms. Since it is important that all health care professionals have a fundamental knowledge of managing women presenting with symptoms related to the menopause, this European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline was developed. It provides guidance on evaluation and optimal clinical management of women who go through the menopause in middle age, those with Premature Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), Early Menopause and those for whom hormones are not appropriate, including women with, or at high risk of, breast cancer. This guideline discusses the benefits and risks of hormone therapy administration as well as summarizing other treatments for menopausal symptoms. Further, the contentious issue of the impact of menopausal hormone therapy in the prevention of chronic disease is considered.
Panay N, Fenton A, Hamoda H, Hillard T, Islam R, Pedder H · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025
Following a rigorous systematic review of the literature, the International Menopause Society (IMS) has produced detailed new recommendations and key messages on women’s midlife health, menopause and menopause hormone therapy (MHT) to help guide healthcare professionals to optimize their support and guidance to women at this critical stage of life. The term MHT has been used to cover therapies including estrogens, progestogens, gonadomimetics and combined regimens. This guidance provides a summary of the recommendations and key messages generated from the systematic review process. The longer version, including the detailed text, key meta-analyses, references, figures and supplementary materials, will be published simultaneously online and can be accessed via the IMS website (https://www.imsociety.org/statements/ims-recommendations/). The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations used in this guideline are based on the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Developm
Controlled human studies with random assignment.
Pokushalov E, Ponomarenko A, Garcia C, Kasimova L, Pak I, Shrainer E · European journal of nutrition · 2025 · n=90
This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Black Cohosh, Soy Isoflavones, and SDG Lignans in alleviating menopausal symptoms compared to a placebo. Ninety-six postmenopausal women aged 45-60 years were enrolled. Participants were randomized to receive either the study supplements or a placebo for 90 days, with Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scores collected at baseline and every 4 weeks to monitor symptom changes. Secondary outcomes assessed included hormonal variations and the incidence of adverse symptoms. Of the initial cohort, 90 participants completed the study with high adherence. Significant improvements were observed in the treatment group across all MRS domains: somatic (- 54.3% difference, p < 0.01), psychological (- 54.3% difference, p < 0.01), urogenital (-37.3% difference, p < 0.01), and total score (- 48.0% difference, p < 0
Electroacupuncture for hot flashes in early menopause: A randomized sham-controlled trial.
Wang HX, Yu XT, Hu J, Chen JJ, Mei YT, Chen YF · Journal of integrative medicine · 2025 · n=72
Electroacupuncture (EA) may affect the severity of hot flashes (HFs) associated with natural menopause and provide additional benefits for postmenopausal women. However, the evidence for its effectiveness in the management of early postmenopausal HFs remains inadequately understood. We designed this trial to assess the efficacy and safety of EA for relieving early postmenopausal HFs. This randomized sham-controlled trial involved 72 women with HFs. The participants were divided equally into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group was treated with EA, while the control group was treated with sham acupuncture. The main acupoints used were Hegu (LI4), Guanyuan (RN4), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Taixi (KI3), Fuliu (KI7) and Shenshu (BL23). All participants received 18 treatment sessions, distributed across a 6-week period. The treatment was administered on three occasions per week, adhering to a fixed weekday schedule (Monday, Wednesday, Friday or Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday) w
A dietary intervention for vasomotor symptoms of menopause: a randomized, controlled trial.
Barnard ND, Kahleova H, Holtz DN, Znayenko-Miller T, Sutton M, Holubkov R · Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2023 · n=84
Postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms disrupt quality of life. This study tested the effects of a dietary intervention on vasomotor symptoms and menopause-related quality of life. Postmenopausal women (n = 84) reporting at least two moderate-to-severe hot flashes daily were randomly assigned, in two successive cohorts, to an intervention including a low-fat, vegan diet and cooked soybeans (½ cup [86 g] daily) or to a control group making no dietary changes. During a 12-week period, a mobile application was used to record hot flashes (frequency and severity), and vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual symptoms were assessed with the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire. Between-group differences were assessed for continuous ( t tests) and binary ( χ2 /McNemar tests) outcomes. In a study subsample, urinary equol was measured after the consumption of ½ cup (86 g) of cooked whole soybeans twice daily for 3 days. In the intervention group, moderate-to-severe
Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional human studies.
McNulty KL, Murphy M, Flynn E, Lane A, Muldoon A, Kealy R · Journal of aging and physical activity · 2026
Perimenopause, the transitional period before menopause, is characterized by various physical and psychological symptoms that can impact women's health, well-being, and quality of life. Lifestyle modifications, including exercise, diet, and health education, might help manage these symptoms, but the current evidence is inconsistent. This systematic review aimed to synthesize and identify gaps in existing randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on perimenopause symptoms. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched. Two reviewers independently screened the records for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed study quality using a modified Downs and Black checklist and a strategy based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation working group. A total of 25 studies met
The role of lifestyle medicine in menopausal health: a review of non-pharmacologic interventions.
Anekwe CV, Cano A, Mulligan J, Ang SB, Johnson CN, Panay N · Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society · 2025
Menopause, typically occurring between ages 45 and 55 years, is a natural life stage marked by hormonal changes that can affect the symptom burden, quality of life and chronic disease risk. While not a disease, the transition often requires individualized, holistic care. Lifestyle medicine - encompassing healthy eating, physical activity, mental well-being, avoidance of risky substances, restorative sleep and healthy relationships - offers a promising non-pharmacological strategy to optimize health during this period. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2000-December 2024) using the following keywords and combinations: 'menopause', 'lifestyle medicine', 'healthy eating', 'physical activity', 'mental wellbeing', 'avoidance of risky substances', 'restorative sleep', 'healthy relationships', 'weight management', 'chronic disease prevention', 'health equity and access' and 'general health frameworks'. Peer-reviewed huma
Diet and Depression During Peri- and Post-Menopause: A Scoping Review.
Bodnaruc AM, Duquet M, Prud'homme D, Giroux I · Nutrients · 2025
Background/Objectives: While the prevalence of depression increases during the peri- and post-menopausal periods, the potential of diet as both a modifiable risk factor and complementary treatment option has received limited research attention in this population. To address this gap, we conducted a scoping review aiming to map and synthesize the existing literature on diet and depression in peri- and post-menopause. Methods: Studies were identified through Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Scopus. After deduplication in Covidence, two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts using predefined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted using standardized forms and presented in tables and figures. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2 for intervention studies and NHLBI tools for observational studies. Results: Thirty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria, including 29 observational and 9 interventional studies. Dieta
Public-health agencies: NCCIH, NIH, CDC, NHS.
NCCIH
The NCCIH provides evidence-based information on complementary and integrative health approaches for managing menopausal symptoms. It discusses the scientific evidence behind various natural products and mind-body practices.
Registered ongoing or completed trials (ClinicalTrials.gov).
n=190 · NCT01275807 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED
The purpose of the investigators study is to create the evidence of effectivness on climacteric syndrome in patients affected by breast cancer, by acupuncture added to the standard care (self care).
n=75 · NCT07065643 · RECRUITING · RECRUITING
Obesity increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers, primarily due to elevated abdominal fat storage. With nearly two-thirds of the UK population living with overweight or obesity, there is an urgent necessity for evidence-based public health guidance to promote healthy weight. Calorie deficit can facilitate weight loss and body fat reduction, leading to health benefits, such as improved blood glucose control. Current weight management advice centres on lifestyle modification, incorporating changes to diet and physical activity to support a calorie deficit. However, existing dieting recommendations fail to consider gender or age. This is a surprising oversight, as it is well established that health outcomes vary significantly between men and women across the lifespan. Further, the menopause may have an impact on fat storage linked to changes in sex hormones. Our recent research, involving both mice and humans, has indicated that females are less responsive to weight loss and fat reduction during dieting. This study aims to understand endocrine and metabolic sex-based differences in obesity and calorie restriction, with a particular focus on women's health. We plan to conduct a diet study with 75 participants, encompassing both younger and older men and women, to monitor changes in energy expenditure and body composition using gold-standard techniques, such as doubly-labelled water. Blood and abdominal fat tissue samples will be collected to investigate how sex hormones might elucidate these differences. The aim of the study is to enhance our understanding of diet and women's health to combat obesity and promote healthy ageing.
Comparison of the Effects of Acupuncture and Fluoxetine on Quality of Life in Menopausal Women
n=140 · NCT02188225 · UNKNOWN · UNKNOWN
The purpose of this study is to comparison the effect of acupuncture and Fluoxetine on improvement quality of life among menopausal women.
Curated cross-source summaries (TRIP Database and similar).
TRIP Database
TRIP Database is a clinical search engine that allows users to find high-quality research evidence on menopause. It aggregates content from various sources, including guidelines, systematic reviews, and primary research.
Cochrane · Strength: Varies by individual review.
The Cochrane Library provides a collection of systematic reviews and meta-analyses covering various interventions and aspects related to menopause, offering high-quality evidence to inform clinical decisions.
Cochrane reviews related to Menopause
Cochrane
The Cochrane Library provides high-quality, independent evidence to inform healthcare decision-making, offering systematic reviews on various interventions and treatments for menopause-related conditions.
Conventional medical care for menopause often involves hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to alleviate symptoms by supplementing estrogen and sometimes progesterone. Non-hormonal prescription medications, such as certain antidepressants or gabapentin, may also be used to manage hot flashes. Vaginal estrogen creams or rings can address localized vaginal dryness. Regular check-ups are important to mo
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This information is for educational purposes only and not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making any decisions about your health or treatment, especially concerning menopausal symptoms.
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