Gastritis

Meta-analysis of H. pylori and the gut microbiome interactions and clinical outcomes.

Wu X, Zhu H, Hu Y, Zhang L, Huang L · Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025

Helicobacter pylori is a globally prevalent gastric pathogen associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, and gastric cancer. Its interaction with the gut microbiome (GM), a dynamic microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract, plays a critical role in modulating host immune responses and disease progression. This study aimed to investigate the complex interactions between H. pylori infection and the GM and to evaluate how microbiome alterations relate to clinical outcomes such as gastritis, ulcers, and gastric cancer. A meta-analysis was conducted using publicly available 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic datasets. Microbiome composition differences were assessed using differential abundance analysis, alpha- and beta-diversity metrics, and principal component analysis (PCA). Random forest models were employed to predict the clinical outcomes based on microbiome and clinical data. Hyperparameter tuning and cross-validation were applied to ensure model robustness. The ana

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Gastrointestinal Adverse Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chiang CH, Jaroenlapnopparat A, Colak SC, Yu CC, Xanthavanij N, Wang TH · Gastroenterology · 2025 · n=395

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are widely used for glycemic control or weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus or overweight/obesity. However, there are concerns regarding their association with serious gastrointestinal adverse events, although findings have been inconsistent. We systematically searched 5 databases for placebo-controlled randomized controlled trials assessing GLP-1RAs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, overweight/obesity, or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis/metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. We included trials that reported cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cholangitis, cholestasis, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis, esophagitis, gastrointestinal ischemia, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, intestinal obstruction, paralytic ileus, gastrointestinal ulceration, gastrointestinal perforation, or gastroparesis. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-effects mo

Prevalence of Autoimmune Gastritis Worldwide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Li M, Huang Y, Liang X, Lu H · Helicobacter · 2025

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic immune-mediated disease characterized by the presence of anti-parietal cell antibody and progressive corpus-predominant atrophy. The global prevalence of AIG and its associated factors remain poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically estimate the prevalence of AIG worldwide and identify demographic and diagnostic factors influencing its variability. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Medline, Scopus, and Embase from database inception until December 7, 2024. Prevalence was pooled using a random-effects model, and potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis. A total of 47 studies involving 15,817 individuals were included. The global prevalence of AIG was estimated at 3.85% (95% CI: 2.94-5.04, I2 = 99.3%). Notable geographical variation was observed, with a prevalence of 4.94% in Europe (95% CI: 3.66-6.63), 2.23% in Asia (95% CI: 1.19-4.14), 2.

Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Pembrolizumab Induced Gastritis: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Lei H, Sun W, Liu X, Wang C · Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024

Pembrolizumab is associated with the development of gastritis, but its clinical features have not been characterized. To explore the clinical features of pembrolizumab induced gastritis and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of gastritis. Case reports and case series related to pembrolizumab induced gastritis were retrospectively analyzed by searching the database from inception to September 30, 2023. Thirty-nine patients with gastritis entered the study with a median age of 63 years (range 34, 81). The median time to gastritis was 11.1 months (range 0.3, 60) and 7 cycles (range 1, 27) after administration. Epigastric pain (24 cases, 61.5%), nausea (17 cases, 43.6%), and vomiting (16 cases, 41.0%) were the most frequently complained symptoms. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy mainly showed erythematous (16 cases, 41.0%), hemorrhage (14 cases, 35.9%) and erosions (11 cases, 28.2%). Gastric mucosal biopsy shows chronic active gastritis with lymphocytic infiltration.

A Systematic Review of Symptoms of Pernicious Anemia.

Seage CH, Bennett A, Ward N, Semedo L, Plattel CHM, Suijker KIM · Food and nutrition bulletin · 2024 · n=103

Pernicious anemia (PA) is a type of macrocytic anemia caused by autoimmune gastritis. To facilitate timely diagnosis and treatment of PA there is a pressing need for improved understanding among Healthcare providers of the condition's symptoms and diagnostic criteria. This systematic review aims to extend existing clinical knowledge on the presentation of PA by determining which symptoms and clinical complications are reported in published adult case studies. Relevant studies were identified through electronic searches of PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE, via OvidSP. During data extraction symptoms were categorized according to the International Classification of Diseases and were grouped based on frequency. Symptoms were documented for 103 adults with a diagnosis of PA; the most frequent symptoms were fatigue (55%), loss of sensation in limbs (32%), excessive weight loss (27%), and a sore tongue (23%). This review highlights the diverse symptomology of adults who are diagnosed with P

A Systematic Review of Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Ethnopharmacological Studies of Urtica simensis (Stinging Nettle).

Tadesse TY, Zeleke MM, Dagnew SB, Addis GT · Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2023

The Urticaceae family contains 54 genera and more than 2000 species that can be found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates all over the world. This family includes the largest genus in the world, Urtica, which is also known as stinging nettle. Stinging hairs are present on the lower surface of the leaves and beneath the stems of Urtica simensis, also known as the stinging nettle, herbal nettle that is dioecious, upright, and unbranched. For the treatment of conditions like gastritis, heart disease, diabetes, gonorrhea, and malaria, people employ various portions of Urtica simensis in a variety of ways in traditional medicine. The Urtica simensis leaves are rich in variety of active secondary phytochemical constituents including terpenoids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, polyphenols, sterols, oxalate, and ascorbic acid (vitamin C). According to different reports, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antiproliferati

T(H)2 cell compensatory effect following benralizumab treatment for eosinophilic gastritis.

Ben-Baruch Morgenstern N, Rochman Y, Caldwell JM, Collins MH, Mukkada VA, Putnam PE · The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024

Eosinophil accumulation is a main feature of eosinophilic gastritis (EoG) and is associated with its histologic diagnosis and pathology. However, a recent clinical trial has demonstrated that EoG endoscopic, noneosinophil histologic, and clinical features remain persistent despite complete eosinophil depletion. Our aim was to examine gastric T-cell composition and associated cytokine levels of patients with EoG following benralizumab-induced eosinophil depletion versus following administration of placebo. A cohort of subjects with EoG from a subset of subjects who participated in a recent phase 2 benralizumab trial was treated for 12 weeks with administration of 3 doses of benralizumab (anti-IL-5 receptor α antibody [n = 5]) or placebo (n = 4). Single-cell suspensions obtained by gastric biopsy were stimulated with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate and ionomycin in the presence of brefeldin A and monensin. Harvested cells were fixed, stained, and analyzed by flow cytometr

Clinical manifestation, lifestyle, and treatment patterns of chronic erosive gastritis: A multicenter real-world study in China.

Yang YY, Li KM, Xu GF, Wang CD, Xiong H, Wang XZ · World journal of gastroenterology · 2024

Although chronic erosive gastritis (CEG) is common, its clinical characteristics have not been fully elucidated. The lack of consensus regarding its treatment has resulted in varied treatment regimens. To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and short-term outcomes in CEG patients in China. We recruited patients with chronic non-atrophic or mild-to-moderate atrophic gastritis with erosion based on endoscopy and pathology. Patients and treating physicians completed a questionnaire regarding history, endoscopic findings, and treatment plans as well as a follow-up questionnaire to investigate changes in symptoms after 4 wk of treatment. Three thousand five hundred sixty-three patients from 42 centers across 24 cities in China were included. Epigastric pain (68.0%), abdominal distension (62.6%), and postprandial fullness (47.5%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Gastritis was classified as chronic non-atrophic in 69.9% of patients. Among those with erosive l

Effectiveness and safety of Moluodan in the treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer: A randomized clinical trial.

Zou TH, Gao QY, Liu S, Li YQ, Meng XJ, Zhang GX · Journal of digestive diseases · 2024 · n=166

To investigate the clinical potential and safety of Moluodan to reverse gastric precancerous lesions. Patients aged 18-70 years diagnosed with moderate-to-severe atrophy and/or moderate-to-severe intestinal metaplasia, with or without low-grade dysplasia, and negative for Helicobacter pylori were recruited in this randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial. The primary outcome was the improvement of global histological diagnosis at 1-year follow-up endoscopy using the operative link for gastritis assessment, the operative link for gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment, and the disappearance rate of dysplasia. Between November 3, 2017 and January 27, 2021, 166 subjects were randomly assigned to the Moluodan group, 168 to the folic acid group, 84 to the combination group, and 84 to the high-dose Moluodan group. The improvement in global histological diagnosis was achieved in 60 (39.5%) subjects receiving Moluodan, 59 (37.8%) receiving folic acid, 26 (32.1%) receiving

A long-standing undiagnosed case of vitamin B12 deficiency: a case report.

Mesgarankarimi A, Rezapour M, Tabrizi N · Journal of medical case reports · 2025

Pernicious anemia, an autoimmune disease, presents with gradual, nonspecific symptoms, often leading to delayed diagnosis owing to its overlap with other conditions and variability in laboratory findings, such as neurological symptoms without anemia or macrocytosis. This case describes a 40-year-old Iranian woman with a decade-long history of nonspecific symptoms, including fatigue, widespread musculoskeletal pain, paresthesia, cognitive disturbances, and optic neuritis; misattributed to conditions such as fibromyalgia, hypothyroidism, and autoimmune diseases. Despite annual monitoring for normocytic anemia, her critically low vitamin B12 levels (< 150 pg/mL) and a diagnosis of pernicious anemia were identified only after persistent symptoms prompted further evaluation, revealing atrophic gastritis as the underlying cause. Neurologic improvement with parenteral B12 therapy, alongside management of fibromyalgia, emphasizes the importance of considering vitamin B12 defici

Autoimmune Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori Infection: Molecular Mechanisms of Relationship.

Bordin DS, Livzan MA, Mozgovoi SI, Gaus OV · International journal of molecular sciences · 2025

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and autoimmune inflammation of the gastric mucosa are recognized as the leading etiological factors of chronic atrophic gastritis. The mechanisms of atrophy formation and progression with the risk of gastric cancer development are heterogeneous, which requires a deeper study of the molecular mechanisms of relationship, peculiarities of the course of autoimmune gastritis both in combination with H. pylori and after eradication, as well as without H. pylori infection (naïve AIG). This article presents the specific molecular and cellular patterns in the formation of these related conditions.

Risk Factors Analysis and Predictive Model Construction for Autoimmune Gastritis: A Nationwide Multicenter Case-Control Study in China.

Ma XY, Hao Y, Xie YH, Cao Q, Sun DF, Wang JL · Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025 · n=479

Here, we ascertained the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with autoimmune gastritis (AIG) and determined the correlation of dietary and lifestyle factors with AIG occurrence and development to establish a noninvasive predictive model for AIG. In this case-control study, we enrolled 479 patients from seven independent centers nationwide in China; of them, 279 had AIG, 112 had chronic atrophic gastritis mostly in the antrum, and 88 had chronic nonatrophic gastritis. Their clinical and lifestyle data were systematically collected and analyzed. Finally, a multivariate logistic regression disease prediction model was then established and validated. Most of the 279 patients with AIG were middle-aged, older, and female. In the predictive model of AIG, the larger amount of cooking oil used per meal and comorbid autoimmune thyroid disease was considered risk factors, and a diet rich in vitamin B12 was considered a protective factor. We plotted a receiver operating characteristic (

Integrative analysis of serum lipids and chronic gastritis: causal insights from mendelian randomization and experimental models.

Chu X, Biao Y, Li H, Chen J, Yin J, Gao X · Lipids in health and disease · 2025 · n=23

Lipid metabolism may be linked to chronic gastritis, but its causal role remains unclear. While current research emphasizes inflammation, mucosal changes, immune regulation, genetics, and the gut microbiota, the contribution of lipid metabolism is understudied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of serum lipids and the mechanistic roles of lipid-lowering drug targets in chronic gastritis. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from real world. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between serum lipid profiles and gastritis. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses based on genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets were performed to detect the causal relationship of serum lipids, plasma lipid species, and lipid-lowering drug targets. Experimental validation was conducted using high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and chemically induced CAG rat models. Four thousand sixty one person, including 1,023 patients with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG

Gastritis

NHS

The NHS offers details on gastritis, covering symptoms, causes, and advice on managing the condition, targeted at public understanding.

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial of BEKINDA (Ondansetron 24 mg Bimodal Release Tablets) for Vomiting Due to Presumed Acute Gastroenteritis or Gastritis (The GUARD Study)

n=330 · NCT02246439 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Trial of RHB-102 (BEKINDA) (Ondansetron 24 mg Bimodal Release Tablets) for Acute Gastroenteritis. The study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of RHB-102 (BEKINDA) in treating Acute Gastroenteritis, by comparing it to placebo.

Prediction of Gastric Cancer in Intestinal Metaplasia and Atrophic Gastritis - Application of Artificial Intelligence in Histology and Clinical Data

n=1300 · NCT04840056 · RECRUITING · RECRUITING

The primary objectives of this study are: * To identify clinical or histological factors associated with gastric cancer development in patients with IM and AG * To establish a machine learning algorithm for prediction of future gastric cancer risks and individual risk stratification in patient with IM and AG

Evaluation of Antral Biopsies Obtained in Normal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A Retrospective Cohort Study

n=671 · NCT06269380 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is commonly performed in patients presenting with abdominal pain and dyspeptic symptoms, serving as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic tool. While various methods are available for biopsy sampling when mucosal pathology is observed during EGD, the practice of obtaining biopsies from endoscopically normal mucosa remains controversial. Although there is literature suggesting that routine biopsies from the antrum and duodenum for surveillance purposes increase costs, pathological findings can sometimes be detected in areas that appear normal on mucosal examination, leading to potential changes in treatment approach if biopsies are obtained. In this study, a retrospective evaluation of the prevalence of various pathologies detected in biopsies obtained from endoscopically normal mucosa in patients who underwent EGD was reported as normal.

Cochrane reviews on gastritis

Cochrane

This search link provides access to systematic reviews of interventions for gastritis from the Cochrane Library, offering high-quality evidence synthesis.

Gastritis - Search results

TRIP Database

The TRIP Database offers a search platform to find evidence-based information on gastritis, including guidelines, systematic reviews, and primary research.

Cochrane Library search for "Gastritis"

Cochrane

The Cochrane Library is a collection of databases that contain different types of high-quality, independent evidence to inform healthcare decision-making, including systematic reviews relevant to gastritis.