Magnesium

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.

Bensaaud A, Seery S, Gibson I, Jones J, Flaherty G, McEvoy JW · The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025 · n=1397

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is designed to lower blood pressure and improve cardiovascular health by reducing sodium and unhealthy fats while increasing nutrients, including potassium, calcium, magnesium, and fibre. While evidence supports its benefits for managing cardiovascular risk factors, gaps remain in understanding its long-term impact on preventing cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in terms of hard clinical outcomes such as myocardial infarction and stroke. To assess the effects of the DASH diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. We used standard extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was in May 2024. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing a DASH diet intervention to no intervention (including usual care), minimal intervention, or other dietary interventions. In the context of this review, 'minimal intervention' includes brief dietary advice or informational leaflets

Strategies to Improve Colonoscopy Preparation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.

Chatterjee A, Kaur S, Jena A, Patil AN, Dutta U, Sebastian S · Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 2024 · n=960

Colonoscopy has a vital role in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as in the estimation of disease severity, monitoring response to therapy, and surveillance for neoplasia. We performed a systematic review of randomised trials of various bowel preparations for colonoscopy in IBD. We searched various electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL) for studies reporting about the use of various strategies to improve colonoscopy preparation in IBD. We included only randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A network meta-analysis was done using a frequentist approach to compare the effectiveness of various bowel preparations. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool 2.0. Other outcome parameters like compliance, tolerance, acceptance, and adverse effects were assessed qualitatively. Seven RCTs reporting about 960 patients were included. On comparison with 4 liter (L) of poliethylen glycol (PEG), oral sulfate solution (OR=1.1, 95%CI: 0.65-1.86);

The effects of magnesium supplementation on obesity measures in adults: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Askari M, Mozaffari H, Jafari A, Ghanbari M, Darooghegi Mofrad M · Critical reviews in food science and nutrition · 2021

Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of magnesium supplementation on obesity measures. This study was done to quantify the effect of magnesium supplementation on body weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Body Fat (BF) percentage and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHR). Four online databases (Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library) were searched until March 2020 using relevant keywords. Random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes; Cochran's Q-test and I2 index assessed heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis and Egger test were used to check the robustness of findings and the possibility of publication bias, respectively. Thirty-two RCTs including different dosage of magnesium (48-450 mg/d), and duration (6-24 weeks) were entered to this study. Magnesium supplementation resulted in a great reduction in BMI [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -0.21 kg/m2, 95% CI: -0.41, -0.001, P = 0.048, I2 

Effect of nutritional interventions on the psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in women of reproductive age: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Robinson J, Ferreira A, Iacovou M, Kellow NJ · Nutrition reviews · 2025 · n=3254

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) affects approximately 48% of women of reproductive age worldwide. It can lead to functional impairment, lower quality of life, and decreased work productivity. Despite the availability of medical treatment options, women are seeking alternative interventions because of concerns of harmful side effects and limited evidence of efficacy associated with pharmacological treatments. To date, high-quality research investigating the effects of dietary and nutrient intervention on PMS is limited. This systematic review investigated the effect of nutritional interventions on the psychological symptoms of PMS. Five electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from inception to October 2022. Trials eligible for inclusion were nutritional intervention studies involving women of reproductive age that measured PMS-associated psychological outcomes. Articles were selected using prespecified inclusion criteria. Data scree

Iron and ferritin deficiency in women with hypothyroidism and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis - systematic review.

Gierach M, Rudewicz M, Junik R · Endokrynologia Polska · 2024

Iron is one of the essential microelements necessary for maintaining the body's homeostasis. It serves various roles, including being a crucial component in the proper structure of many enzymes and supporting the transport of oxygen and electrons. Its deficiency can lead to anaemia, which is a common clinical condition often associated with thyroid diseases. Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies, and its prevalence is strongly associated with socioeconomic status. It is the primary cause of anaemia in 42% of children and 50% of women. Importantly, iron deficiency is placed among the top 5 causes of disability in women. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) is an enzyme essential for the production of thyroid hormones, and iron is a key factor in its proper functioning. Therefore, in the case of iron deficiency, the activity of this enzyme is also reduced. Iron is also a factor that is important in epigenetic modification processes, and its deficiency may contribute to g

[The importance of nutrition in the prevention of endometriosis - Systematic review].

Zaragoza-Martí A, Cabrera-González K, Martín-Manchado L, Moya-Yeste AM, Sánchez-Sansegundo M, Hurtado-Sánchez JA · Nutricion hospitalaria · 2024

Background and objective: endometriosis is a hormone-dependent disorder characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissue in extrauterine sites, which can trigger a chronic inflammatory reaction. This disease mainly affects women of childbearing age and can have a negative impact on their physical, mental and social well-being. There are eating patterns considered as anti-inflammatory, such as the Mediterranean diet, which could help in the prevention and treatment of endometriosis. The objective of this review was to know the relationship between the consumption of different food groups and the prevention of endometriosis. Materials and methods: a systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA methodology. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Web of Science databases were consulted. Studies published between 2013 and 2023 were selected, accessible in full text, written in English and Spanish and including a sample of women with endometriosis and/or healthy women, in add

British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults.

Dimidi E, van der Schoot A, Barrett K, Farmer AD, Lomer MC, Scott SM · Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025

Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults. Four systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta-analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multidisciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where ≥ 2 RCTs contributed to the meta-analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting among the Guideline Steering Committee was performe

AARC and PALISI Clinical Practice Guideline: Pediatric Critical Asthma.

White BR, Miller AG, Baker J, Basnet S, Carroll CL, Craven H · Respiratory care · 2025

To address the lack of guidance for clinicians in their care of children with critical asthma, a multidisciplinary team of medical providers used Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology to make the following recommendations: 1. We suggest the use of continuous inhaled short-acting β agonist (SABA) over frequent intermittent SABA in children treated for critical asthma. (Conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence) 2. We suggest the use of either high- or low-dose continuous inhaled SABA regimens in children treated for critical asthma. (Conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence) 3. We suggest the use of either dexamethasone or methylprednisolone (or an equivalent dose of prednisone/prednisolone) for children treated for critical asthma. (Conditional recommendation, very low certainty of evidence) 4. We suggest the use of intravenous (IV) magnesium (intermittent or continuous) as an adjunct therapy in children

2023 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and U.S. Department of Defense Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Headache.

Sico JJ, Antonovich NM, Ballard-Hernandez J, Buelt AC, Grinberg AS, Macedo FJ · Annals of internal medicine · 2024

Headache medicine and therapeutics evidence have been rapidly expanding and evolving since the 2020 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the management of headache. Therefore, the CPG was revised in 2023, earlier than the standard 5-year cycle. This article reviews the 2023 CPG recommendations relevant to primary care clinicians for treatment and prevention of migraine and tension-type headache (TTH). Subject experts from the VA and the DoD developed 12 key questions, which guided a systematic search using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. After reviewing evidence from 5 databases published between 6 March 2019 and 16 August 2022, the work group considered the strength and quality of the evidence, patient preferences, and benefits versus harms on critical outcomes before making consensus recommendations. The revised CPG includes 52 recommendations on evaluation, pharmacotherapy, invasive interve

Magnesium and Migraine.

Dominguez LJ, Veronese N, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM, Barbagallo M · Nutrients · 2025

Migraine is a widespread and intricate neurological condition that involves various factors and is marked by recurring headache episodes. Migraine is among the ten neurological conditions accounting for the greatest disability in the whole population, the leading cause of disability for children and adolescents aged 5-19 years, and the second cause of disability for adults aged 20-59 years. Magnesium deficiency is also a very common condition resulting from diverse reasons, including insufficient dietary consumption or increased loss through the gastrointestinal or renal system. Accumulated evidence from case reports, case-control studies, observational studies, and randomized, placebo-controlled trials has shown the effectiveness of magnesium supplementation in alleviating migraine, both acutely and chronically. Mechanisms that may help explain these results include the potential link between magnesium deficit and spreading cortical depression, vascular changes, oxidative stress, chro

Dark Chocolate Mitigates Premenstrual Performance Impairments and Muscle Soreness in Female CrossFit(®) Athletes: Evidence from a Menstrual-Phase-Specific Trial.

Safari K, Hemmatinafar M, Suzuki K, Koushkie Jahromi M, Imanian B · Nutrients · 2025

Background: Hormonal fluctuations across the menstrual cycle can significantly impair physical performance, neuromuscular function, and cognitive processing in female athletes, particularly during the premenstrual phase. Emerging evidence suggests that dark chocolate (DC), rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, magnesium, and theobromine, may exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. This study investigated the acute effects of 85% DC supplementation on cognitive and physical performance, as well as delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), in female CrossFit® athletes across four distinct hormonal phases. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, fifteen trained eumenorrheic female CrossFit® athletes completed three intervention conditions: dark chocolate (DC), placebo (PLA), and control (CON). Participants were evaluated during four distinct menstrual phases-menstrual, follicular, luteal, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-ove

Treatment of Resistant Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents Using Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium, Phosphate and Fatty Acids (Omega 6 and 7): Comparison with 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid.

de Souza Pereira R · Journal of dietary supplements · 2023 · n=257

The burden of disease associated with acne vulgaris has continued to increase over time in the world population. This continued growth suggests that there is an unmet dermatologic need for this condition worldwide. Potential sequelae of acne, such as scarring, depigmentation, and marked emotional and psychological problems (e.g., low self-esteem), can lead to significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation with magnesium, phosphate, omega 6 (linoleic acid calcium salt - C18:2 fatty acid Ca salt), and omega 7 (palmitoleic acid calcium salt - C16:1 fatty acid Ca salt) would help patients with acne vulgaris, and to compare with isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid). Magnesium has anti-inflammatory properties. Linoleic and palmitoleic acids have bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes (formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes). A single-blind randomized study was conducted in which 257 patients were trea

Dietary management of chronic constipation: a review of evidence-based strategies and clinical guidelines.

Dimidi E · The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society · 2025

This review comprehensively examines the current evidence on the dietary management of chronic constipation, and the dietary recommendations presented in clinical guidelines for chronic constipation. Several randomised controlled trials (RCT) have investigated the effect of dietary supplements, foods and drinks in chronic constipation. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of these RCTs have demonstrated that psyllium supplements, specific probiotic supplements, magnesium oxide supplements, kiwifruits, prunes, rye bread and high mineral water content may be effective in the management of constipation. However, despite the plethora of evidence, current clinical guidelines only offer a limited number of dietary recommendations. The most commonly recommended dietary strategy in clinical guidelines is dietary fibre, followed by senna supplements and psyllium supplements. The least commonly recommended dietary strategies are magnesium oxide, Chinese herbal supplements, prunes and high minera

British Dietetic Association Guidelines for the Dietary Management of Chronic Constipation in Adults.

Dimidi E, van der Schoot A, Barrett K, Farmer AD, Lomer MC, Scott SM · Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025

Current clinical guidelines for chronic constipation offer limited dietary recommendations. The aim of this project was to develop the first comprehensive evidence-based dietary guidelines for the management of chronic constipation in adults. Four systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to identify eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The findings generated from the meta-analyses were then used to develop guideline statements using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach and a Delphi consensus survey among a multi-disciplinary expert Guideline Steering Committee. Recommendation statements were produced for treatment response, stool output, gut symptoms, adverse events, and quality of life, and only based on the findings where ≥ 2 RCTs contributed to the meta-analysis. The strength of recommendation was assessed using the GRADE approach. Consensus voting amongst the Guideline Steering Committee was perfo

Celiac Disease as a Model of Intestinal Malnutrition: Mechanisms and Nutritional Management.

Dargenio VN, Sgarro N, La Grasta G, Begucci M, Castellaneta SP, Dargenio C · Nutrients · 2025

Background: In pediatric celiac disease (CD), intestinal malabsorption and the restrictive nature of a gluten-free diet (GFD) frequently result in persistent macro- and micronutrient imbalances, despite histological remission. The present review evaluates the evidence on nutritional adequacy of the GFD, identifies common deficiencies, and considers biomarker strategies and dietary recommendations to optimize growth and metabolic health. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted, focusing on studies of nutrient intake, product composition of gluten-free foods, biomarker assessment, and clinical outcomes in children with CD. Both macronutrient (protein, fat, carbohydrate, fiber) and micronutrient (iron, vitamin D, calcium, B-vitamins, zinc, magnesium) domains were included. Results: Children with CD on long-term GFD demonstrate higher intake of lipids (especially saturated fat) and simple carbohydrates, alongside consistently low intake of dietary fiber and key micronut

Effect of chronic administration of magnesium supplement (magnesium glycinate) on male albino wistar rats' intestinal (Ileum) motility, body weight changes, food and water intake.

Aniebo Umoh E, Obembe AO, Ikpi DE, Ekpenyong Eniang-Esien O, Okon Asuquo J, Effiom-Ekaha OO · Heliyon · 2023 · n=19

Recent researches suggests magnesium as an adjuvant medication for COVID 19 patients. Magnesium relaxes skeletal muscles, an effect when prolonged in intestinal smooth muscles can cause severe discomfort such as bloating, vomiting, constipation and nausea. The objectives of this study was to ascertain if magnesium will cause relaxation of the intestinal (ileum) smooth muscles as it does in skeletal muscles. Also, this research seeks to find out the receptor pathway through which magnesium will alter motility in the gut using acetylcholine, atropine and propranolol. Ten male albino wistar rats (100-150 g) were randomly assigned into two groups (control and magnesium treated) (n = 5). Animals were acclimatized for two weeks before treatment which lasted for 6 weeks. Magnesium treated animals received oral magnesium glycinate (1600 mg/70 kg) daily while control group receive normal saline of equal volume. All animals had free access to food and water ad libitum. Result

Magnesium: Fact Sheet for Health Professionals

NIH ODS

This fact sheet provides comprehensive information on magnesium, including its role in the body, dietary sources, deficiency, and health implications, relevant for professionals involved in patient care.

Food-Grown Magnesium Supplement on Sleep Quality/Quantity in a Healthy Adult Population: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Study

n=84 · NCT05825209 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

This is a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled trial to evaluate orally-dosed food-grown magnesium compared to placebo on improvement in sleep quality and quantity as well as quality of life in otherwise healthy participants aged 18 years and older.

Multicenter Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Oral Adjuvant Magnesium Supplementation in the Treatment of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

n=105 · NCT03033823 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

This study examine the efficacy of oral magnesium supplementation as an adjuvant therapy for decreasing intensity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms among inpatients requiring pharmacological treatment of their AWS. This double blind randomized multicenter clinical trial planned to treat half of participants as usal plus placebo and the other half as usual plus magnesium.

Magnesium Status & Effect of Magnesium Infusions on Rest Cramps

n=54 · NCT00423540 · COMPLETED · COMPLETED

This study sets out to show whether infusions of magnesium can lessen the frequency of rest cramps and to determine whether rest cramp sufferers have a deficiency in magnesium.

Magnesium Glycinate

Natural Medicines Database

The Natural Medicines Database offers comprehensive, evidence-based information on dietary supplements and natural medicines, including magnesium glycinate, assessing its efficacy for various conditions.

Magnesium and migraine

TRIP Database

TRIP Database offers a federated search across multiple evidence sources, including guidelines, systematic reviews, and clinical trials related to magnesium and migraine.

Magnesium

Natural Medicines Database

The Natural Medicines Database offers a detailed professional monograph on magnesium, including its uses for various conditions like migraine, efficacy ratings, dosing, and safety information based on scientific evidence.